欧洲中世纪的骑士马上比武

芙蓉姐姐

<!--Image http://www.hadasyleyendas.com/armas4/armas4-1.gif--><a href='http://www.hadasyleyendas.com/armas4/armas4-1.gif' target='_blank'><img src='http://www.hadasyleyendas.com/armas4/armas4-1.gif' border='0' alt='用户发表的图象' onload='javascript:if(this.width>(screen.width*0.8-400)) this.width=(screen.width*0.8-400)'></a><!--End Image--><br /><span style='font-size:11pt;line-height:100%'><span style='color:Blue'><br /><b>欧洲中世纪的骑士马上比武用盔甲<br /><br />骑士比武大会流行于欧洲的中世纪，举办时机往往是庆祝骑士晋授典礼或皇族贵族间的婚典、一个国王或大贵族的来访以及种种喜庆、宗教节日等。一场比武大会有时要举行一周，比武场是城中广场或野外空地，周围有装饰漂亮的看台包厢供绅士民众观看，并有乐队演奏。骑士先进行马上枪战，两骑对冲以矛击对方，一方被击落地后，双方可在地上继续打斗直到一方求饶或主持人叫停。这种枪战有时骑士往往是为他们心仪的小姐之荣耀而战。胜利者将获裁判官或一贵妇颁发的奖品。大会高潮是参会骑士们分为两队，真正打一仗，虽通常使用钝兵器，但伤亡仍是常事。如1240年诺斯（Neuss）的一场比武就有60名骑士死亡。同时败者被捕为俘虏，并被榨取赎金和战利品。比赛结束后，凡活命的骑士与贵族们一起参加歌舞宴，得胜的骑士可亲吻一位可爱的女子，并接受典礼中诗歌的赞颂。因此在这种比武大会上，&quot;自豪、荣誉、爱情和艺术都为竞赛提供了传统的动机&quot;，骑士的忠勇和英雄精神得到彰扬。在一些著名的比武大会遗址上人们还建立了纪念碑。骑士比武竞技决斗的精神一直是欧洲中世纪英雄精神的源泉和典范，以致英格兰的理查德二世意欲和他的叔父们——兰开斯特公爵、约克公爵和格罗塞斯公爵一起出战法国国王查理四世及他的叔父安茹公爵、勃艮第公爵和贝里公爵。奥尔良的路易向英王亨利四世挑战。英格兰的亨利五世在向阿金库尔进军前向法国皇太子挑战。1425年勃艮第公爵因荷兰问题向格罗塞斯公爵挑战；20年后他又想与萨克森公爵决斗以解决卢森堡问题。1526年和1536年查理五世向法国国王建议以决斗来解决他们之间的分歧。由此可见，骑士比武精神对社会影响之一斑</b>。</span></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><!--Image http://www.public.iastate.edu/~dhoffa/armor.jpg--><a href='http://www.public.iastate.edu/~dhoffa/armor.jpg' target='_blank'><img src='http://www.public.iastate.edu/~dhoffa/armor.jpg' border='0' alt='用户发表的图象' 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