爱因斯坦竟然这样评价佛教

taohui

《爱因斯坦文集》里面有这一句话：

　　“任何宗教如果有可以和现代科学共依共存的，那就是佛教。” 还说：“佛教是一切科学的源动力”。他在自传中还谈到，他不是一名宗教徒，但如果是的话，他愿成为一名佛教徒。
　　
　　The religion of the future will be a cosmic religion. "Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future: it transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural & spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful unity. Buddhism answers this description. If there is any religion that would cope with modern scientific needs, it would be Buddhism."- Albert Einstein   
　　
　　[1954, from Albert Einstein:The Human Side, edited by Helen Dukas and Banesh Hoffman, Princeton University Press]  
　　
　　出自1954年普林斯顿大学出版社出版的《Albert Einstein: The Human Side》一书
　　
　　马克思不是说宗教是鸦片吗 ，怎么跟他们讲的相反.......震惊
　　
　　
　　又找到其他的一些评价
　　
　　章太炎说：“佛教的理论，使上智人不能不信，佛教的戒律，使下愚不能不信，通彻上下，这是最可贵的。”还说佛法“与其称为宗教，不如称为哲学的实证者。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　梁启超说：“佛教为最崇贵圆满之宗教，其大乘教理尤为人类最高文化之产物。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　鲁迅曾对许寿裳说：“释迦牟尼真是大哲，他把我们平常对于人生难以解决的问题，早给我们启示了，真是大哲”。
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　中国现代著名美学家朱光潜说：“佛教以出世的精神，干入世的事业。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　新文化运动的主要思想领袖陈独秀先生，1920年在上海组织共产主义小组，1921年中国共产党成立，被选为总书记，他也说：“佛法之广大精深，余所素信不疑者也。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　沈家祯博士说：“我本人是科学家，对科学很感兴趣，我对佛法同样感兴趣，我个人认为佛法与科学是一而二、二而一的。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　阿诺德爵士则说：“我说过，我还要说，我还要一遍又一遍地说，佛教与现代科学之间存在着一条紧密的智力纽带。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　英国的鲍罗登博士也说：“佛教为今日人类之救星！现今研究佛教学者渐多，只因佛教高出一切宗教。虽科学、哲学有长足进步，然其发明之最如理处也要和佛法相通，况佛法有其最深奥、广大处，最真实适用处，决非现世一切学术宗教所可企及。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　康桥大学的名教授白赖恩•约瑟芬博士，曾获得包括诺贝尔奖在内的许多著名科学奖，就是一位认真研习佛经论典和修持禅观的科学家，他每天都坐禅以求进入客观的内明状况。
　　
　　
　　
　　　德国著名的哲学家尼采说：“佛教是历史上唯一真正实证的宗教，它视善良和慈悲促进健康，不可以仇止仇。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　本世纪最伟大的哲学家之一， 1950年曾荣获诺贝尔文学奖的英国哲学家罗素说：“世界上所有宗教中，我所赞成的是佛教。”
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　英国哲学家柏克森研究唯物哲学，他于1956年写的专著连续印了十七版，均销售一空，并翻译成了法文、德文等多国文字。后来他旅游至印度，在灵鹫山见到了迦叶尊者（释迦牟尼佛的十大弟子之一），迦叶尊者带他到寂静处，给他传授了整整一年的佛法，还把他剃度出了家。一年后他回到伦敦，引起了大家的关注，众多专家、学者邀请他作了一次演讲，演讲时，他身披袈裟，向大家介绍了佛法，指出他以前论著中唯物哲学的错误之处，并作了忏悔，还一一回答了大家关于佛法与哲学等方面的各类问题。当时就有九十六位博士在他面前皈依了佛法，其中有生物博士米克恩，神学博士甄克费勒、化学博士罗斯哈德，天文学博士哀泼思等等。
　　
　　　　
　　
　　　　2003年，世界著名科学家英国的霍金向全世界宣布放弃对宇宙终极真理的研究。对此，他引用了英国的一位著名文学家的话说道：“宇宙比我想象的不可思议还要不可思议。”文学家用感性的形象思维的语言如是说，而霍金则以科学家理性的逻辑思维的语言如是说。从感性到理性，这绝不是一种偶然的巧合。

丽霞

丽霞

eidi

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&variant=zh-cn#.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E8.A7.82.E7.82.B9

eidi

《Albert Einstein: The Human Side》 这本书实际是 1981年出的 海伦·杜卡斯 著
《爱因斯坦文集》中根本没有评价佛教的话。
爱因斯坦那句话在哪里说的呢？

暴力美学

yy贴

游侠

商务印书馆出的《爱因斯坦文集》好像没有这句话。不过，按上下文，楼主贴《爱因斯坦文集》指的应该就是海伦·杜卡斯编辑的《Albert Einstein: The Human Side》。所以应为：爱因斯坦，1954年，出自海伦·杜卡斯编辑，1981年普林斯顿大学出版社出版的《Albert Einstein: The Human Side》一书。

商务印书馆出的《爱因斯坦文集》也有节录“我的世界观”。“我的世界观”里面也提到了佛教：“Viel stärker ist die Komponente kosmischer Religiosität im Buddhismus, was uns besonders
Schopenhauers wunderbare Schriften gelehrt haben.”

游侠

“他在自传中还谈到，他不是一名宗教徒，但如果是的话，他愿成为一名佛教徒。”这句话的出处我也不知道。不一定是原话吧？

eidi

请看原文：


爱因斯坦: 我的世界观

    文：爱因斯坦   

    我们这些总有一死的人的命运多么奇特！我们每个人在这个世界上都只作一个短暂的逗留；目的何在，却无从知道，尽管有时自以为对此若有所感。但是，不必深思，只要从日常生活就可以明白：人是为别人而生存的──首先是为那样一些人，我们的幸福全部依赖于他们的喜悦和健康；其次是为许多我们所不认识的人，他们的命运通过同情的纽带同我们密切结合在一起。我每天上百次的提醒自己：我的精神生活和物质生活都是以别人（包括生者和死者）的劳动为基础的，我必须尽力以同样的分量来报偿我所领受了的和至今还在领受着的东西。我强烈地向往着俭朴的生活。并且时常发觉自己占用了同胞的过多劳动而难以忍受。我认为阶级的区分是不合理的，它最后所凭借的是以暴力为根据。我也相信，简单淳朴的生活，无论在身体上还是在精神上，对每个人都是有益的。
　　我完全不相信人类会有那种在哲学意义上的自由。每一个人的行为不仅受着外界的强制，而且要适应内在的必然。叔本华说：“人虽然能够做他所想做的，但不能要他所想要的。”这句格言从我青年时代起就给了我真正的启示；在我自己和别人的生活面临困难的时候，它总是使我们得到安慰，并且是宽容的持续不断的源泉。这种体会可以宽大为怀地减轻那种容易使人气馁的责任感，也可以防止我们过于严肃地对待自己和别人；它导致一种特别给幽默以应有地位的人生观。
　　要追究一个人自己或一切生物生存的意义或目的，从客观的观点看来，我总觉得是愚蠢可笑的。可是每个人都有一些理想，这些理想决定着他的努力和判断的方向。就在这个意义上，我从来不把安逸和享乐看作生活目的本身──我把这种伦理基础叫做猪栏的理想。照亮我的道路，是善、美和真。要是没有志同道合者之间的亲切感情，要不是全神贯注于客观世界──那个在艺术和科学工作领域里永远达不到的对象，那么在我看来，生活就会是空虚的。我总觉得，人们所努力追求的庸俗目标──财产、虚荣、奢侈的生活──都是可鄙的。
　　我有强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感，但我又明显地缺乏与别人和社会直接接触的要求，这两者总是形成古怪的对照。我实在是一个“孤独的旅客”，我未曾全心全意地属于我的国家、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最为接近的亲人；在所有这些关系面前，我总是感觉到一定距离而且需要保持孤独──而这种感受正与年俱增。人们会清楚地发觉，同别人的相互了解和协调一致是有限度的，但这不值得惋惜。无疑，这样的人在某种程度上会失去他的天真无邪和无忧无虑的心境；但另一方面，他却能够在很大程度上不为别人的意见、习惯和判断所左右，并且能够避免那种把他的内心平衡建立在这样一些不可靠的基础之上的诱惑。
　　我的政治理想是民主政体。让每一个人都作为个人而受到尊重，而不让任何人成为被崇拜的偶像。我自己一直受到同代人的过分的赞扬和尊敬，这不是由于我自己的过错，也不是由于我自己的功劳，而实在是一种命运的嘲弄。其原因大概在于人们有一种愿望，想理解我以自已微薄的绵力，通过不断的斗争所获得的少数几个观念，而这种愿望有很多人却未能实现。我完全明白，一个组织要实现它的目的，就必须有一个人去思考，去指挥、并且全面担负起责任来。但是被领导的人不应当受到强迫，他们必须能够选择自己的领袖。在我看来，强迫的专制制度很快就会腐化堕落。因为暴力所招引来的总是一些品德低劣的人，而且我相信，天才的暴君总是由无赖来继承的，这是一条千古不易的规律。就是由于这个缘故，我总强烈地反对今天在意大利和俄国所见到的那种制度。像欧洲今天所存在的情况，已使得民主形式受到怀疑，这不能归咎于民主原则本身，而是由于政府的不稳定和选举制度中与个人无关的特征。我相信美国在这方面已经找到了正确的道路。他们选出了一个任期足够长的总统，他有充分的权力来真正履行他的职责。另一方面，在德国政治制度中，为我所看重的是它为救济患病或贫困的人作出了可贵的广泛的规定。在人生的丰富多彩的表演中，我觉得真正可贵的，不是政治上的国家，而是有创造性的、有感情的个人，是人格；只有个人才能创造出高尚的和卓越的东西，而群众本身在思想上总是迟钝的，在感觉上也总是迟钝的。
　　讲到这里，我想起了群众生活中最坏的一种表现，那就是使我厌恶的军事制度。一个人能够洋洋得意的随着军乐队在四列纵队里行进，单凭这一点就足以使我对他鄙夷不屑。他所以长了一个大脑，只是出于误会；光是骨髓就可满足他的全部需要了。文明的这种罪恶的渊薮，应当尽快加以消灭。任人支配的英雄主义、冷酷无情的暴行，以及在爱国主义名义下的一切可恶的胡闹，所有这些都使我深恶痛绝！在我看来，战争是多么卑鄙、下流！我宁愿被千刀万剐，也不愿参与这种可憎的勾当。尽管如此，我对人类的评价还是十分高的，我相信，要是人民的健康感情没有遭到那些通过学校和报纸而起作用的商业利益和政治利益的蓄意败坏，那么战争这个妖魔早就该绝迹了。
　　我们所能有的最美好的经验是奥秘的经验。它是坚守在真正艺术和真正科学发源地上的基本感情。谁要体验不到它，谁要是不再有好奇心，也不再有惊讶的感觉，谁就无异于行尸走肉，他的眼睛便是模糊不清的。就是这样奥秘的经验──虽然掺杂着恐惧──产生了宗教。我们认识到有某种为我们所不能洞察的东西存在，感觉到那种只能以其最原始的形式接近我们的心灵的最深奥的理性和最灿烂的美──正是这种认识和这种情感构成了真正的宗教感情；在这个意义上，而且也只是在这个意义上，我才是一个具有深挚的宗教感情的人。我无法想象存在这样一个上帝，它会对自己的创造物加以赏罚，会具有我们在自己身上所体验到的那种意志。我不能也不愿去想象一个人在肉体死亡以后还会继续活着；让那些脆弱的灵魂，由于恐惧或者由于可笑的唯我论，去拿这种思想当宝贝吧！我自己只求满足于生命永恒的奥秘，满足于觉察现存世界的神奇结构，窥见它的一鳞半爪，并且以诚挚的努力去领悟在自然界中显示出来的那个理性的一部分，倘若真能如此，即使只领悟其极小的一部分，我也就心满意足了。

eidi

原文：

How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people-first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, unknown to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men,living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men. I regard class distinctions as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally.
I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense. Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity. Schopenhauer＇s saying, "A man can do what he wants,but not want what he wants," has been a very real inspiration to me since my youth; it has been a continual consolation in the face of life＇s hardships, my own and others＇, and an unfailing well-spring of tolerance. This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from taking ourselves and other people all too seriously; it is conducive to a view of life which, in particular, gives humor its due.
To inquire after the meaning or object of one＇s own existence or that of all creatures has always seemed to me absurd from an objective point of view. And yet everybody has certain ideals which determine the direction of his endeavors and his judgments. In this sense I have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselves-this ethical basis I call the ideal of a pigsty. The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth. Without the sense of kinship with men of like mind, without the occupation with the objective world,the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific endeavors, life would have seemed to me empty. The trite objects of human efforts-possessions,outward success, luxury-have always seemed to me contemptible.
My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities. I am truly a "lone traveler" and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friend, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties, I have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitude-feelings which increase with the years. One becomes sharply aware, but without regret,of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people. No doubt, such a person loses some of his innocence and unconcern; on the other hand, he is largely independent, of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations.
My political ideal is democracy. Let every man be respected as an individual and no man idolized. It is an irony of fate that I myself have been the recipient of excessive admiration and reverence from my fellow-being, through no fault, and no merit, of my own. The cause of this may well be the desire, unattainable for many, to understand the few ideas to which I have with my feeble powers attained through ceaseless struggle. I am quite aware that it is necessary for the achievement of the objective of an organization that one man should do the thinking and directing and generally bear the responsibility. But the led must not be coerced, they must be able to choose their leader. An autocratic system of coercion, in my opinion, soon degenerates. For force always attracts men of low morality, and I believe it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by scoundrels, For this reason I have always been passionately opposed to systems such as we see in Italy and Russia today. The thing that has brought discredit upon the form of democracy as it exists in Europe today is not to be laid to the door of the democratic principle as such, but to the lack of stability of governments and to the impersonal character of the electoral system. I believe that in this respect the United States of America have found the right way. They have a President powers really to exercise his responsibility. What I value, on the other hand, in the German political system is the more extensive provision that it makes for the individual in case of illness or need. The really valuable thing in the pageant of human life seems to me not the political state, but the creative, sentient individual, the personality; it alone creates the noble and the sublime, while the herd as such remains dull in thought and dull in feeling.
This topic brings me to that worst outcrop of herd life, the military system,which I abhor. That a man can take pleasure in marching in fours to the strains of a band is enough to make me despise him. He has only been given his big brain by mistake; unprotected spinal marrow was all he needed. This plaguespot of civilization ought to be abolished with all possible speed. Heroism on command, senseless violence, and all the loathsome nonsense that goes by the name of patriotism - how passionately I hate them! How vile and despicable seems war to me! I would rather be hacked in pieces than take part in such an abominable business. My opinion of the human race is high enough that I believe this bogey would have disappeared long ago, had the sound sense of the peoples not been systematically corrupted by commercial and political interests acting through the schools and the Press.
The most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the cradle of true art and true science . Whoever does not know it and can no longer wonder, no longer marvel, is as good as dead, and his eyes are dimmed. It was the experience of mystery - even if mixed with fear - that engendered religion. A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot penetrate, our perceptions of the profoundest reason and the most radiant beauty, which only in their most primitive forms are accessible to our minds - it is this knowledge and this emotion that constitute true religiosity; in this sense, and in this alone, I am a deeply religious man. I can not conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the kind that we experience in ourselves. Neither can I nor would I want to conceive of an individual that survives his physical death; let feeble souls, from fear or absurd egoism, cherish such thoughts. I am satisfied with the mystery of the eternity of life and with the awareness and a glimpse of the marvelous structure of the existing world, together with the devoted striving to comprehend a portion, be it ever so tiny, of the Reason that manifests itself in nature.