上官婉儿与太平公主的恩怨情仇

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上官婉儿与太平公主的恩怨情仇<br /><br />--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />    上官婉儿和太平公主都曾是武则天手下的得力干将。<br /><br />    上官婉儿是陕州人，祖父上官仪是唐太宗时代的名臣，后来因忤逆武则天而被杀，<br />当时尚在襁褓之中的上官婉儿随母亲一道没入后宫，算是带罪执役的犯官家属，受到无<br />情的冷落及役使。困境中出人才，上官婉儿随着宫中女官读书识字，十四岁的她就受到<br />武则天的亲自召见，对她的下笔千言赞不绝口，将她留在身边，担任一些文书佐理工作，<br />逐渐参予撰拟诏书，参决奏章，慢慢地百官奏牍都由她先行过目，并加拟签，武则天只<br />要在上面批一个字就颁行天下，成了除武则天以外最具权柄的女人，这时她还只是个19<br />岁的小姑娘。当年她母亲怀她的时候梦见神人送来一杆大秤，占梦的说这预示着上官婉<br />儿将掌握大权衡量天下大事，那时她家是罪臣孤子，谁也不信，想不到竟然成真，武则<br />天掌政前后二十五年，上官婉儿始终追随在她的身边，据说上官婉儿额头上的一道创伤<br />还是她与武则天的男宠张昌宗眉目调情时，武则天醋劲大发，一剑砍伤的。后来武则天<br />把自己的侄子武三思配给上官婉儿，上官婉儿这年已经三十五岁，上官婉儿最爱的还是<br />唐宗室诸王中的李逸，而李逸却爱着武则天的业女武玄霜，最爱上官婉儿的又是长孙泰，<br />长孙泰的妹妹恰好是李逸的妻子，这几人都是朋友知交，在这种不可说！不可说！如之<br />何！如之何！的困境中，上官婉儿对远在天山的李逸写道：<br /><br />    叶下洞庭秋，思君万里余；<br />    露浓香被冷，月落锦屏虚。<br />    欲奏江南曲，贪封蓟北书；<br />    书中无别意，惆怅久离居。<br /><br />    太平公主是武则天的亲生女儿。武则天为唐高宗生了四男二女，杀的杀、废的废、<br />放逐的放逐、幽禁的幽禁，惟有最小的女儿太平公主深得武则天的欢心，于是在深宫内<br />苑和朝堂上成为一个举足轻重的人物。太平公主美艳而富于权略，心性和行事模式与她<br />的母亲武则天非常相似。<br /><br />    在太平公主十六岁那年，吐蕃国王曾慕名求婚，被武则天搪塞过去，在她二十岁那<br />年嫁给了名门贵公子薛绍，薛绍是城阳公子的第三个儿子，生得一表人才，与太平公主<br />是姑表兄妹，两人情投意合，可惜太平公主命毒，没几年就克死了亲夫，但不久之后，<br />太平公主就抖落了满怀的悒郁与悲伤，重傅脂粉，再披嫁裳，强取豪夺式的成了武攸暨<br />的妻子。<br /><br />    太平公主与武则天的关系，除了母女身份之后，太平公主还兼任着秘书与智囊的职<br />责，参与有关天下安危的国家大政，更且太平公主还无微不至地为母后物色男宠，如张<br />昌宗等。至此，太平公主与武则天的关系，早已超越了母女，君臣的界限，进入了亲密<br />朋友的范畴。<br /><br />    由于张柬之等五大臣的兵变，武则天垂暮之年终于传位中宗，不久武则天病死，唐<br />宫中最有实权的女人就是上官婉儿和太平公主了。<br /><br />    唐中宗一生颠沛流离，过着朝不保夕的日子。养成了一副前怕狼、后怕虎的柔弱性<br />格，而她的皇后韦后则一心想学婆婆武则天的样子，勾结女儿安乐公主，妄图把持朝纲。<br />在这样的政治背景下，武三思的妻子上官婉儿和武攸暨的妻子太平公主为了共同的利益<br />联合起来对抗韦后和安乐公主。这本是有利的政治联盟，一个男人却使它迅速瓦解。<br /><br />    这个男人就是一只绣花枕头式的美少年崔湜，由于上官婉儿的丈夫武三思生性鄙俗，<br />整天沾花意草，于是孤零零的上官婉儿就把她的一缕痴情完全寄托偶然相识的崔湜身上，<br />自那天同在御书房办事干下了风流事件后，天天难舍难分，上官婉儿时时把崔湜召进宫<br />中，就被长期在宫中出入的太平公主瞧见，太平公主在宫中年纪虽略大一些，但徐娘虽<br />老，风韵犹存，她又生成有母亲的风流性格，当时见崔湜玉一般的美男子，心中早已有<br />意，便打发宫女瞒过上宫婉儿把他召进寝宫，太平公主欲念是十分大的，虽还同时爱几<br />位王子，但每天都要与崔湜私会几次，终于被上官婉儿看出问题。一气之下投入到韦后<br />的势力图中，并把武三思也拉了过来，为韦后立下大功。<br /><br />    由于有上官婉儿和武三思的加入，韦后势力大增，把唐中宗的权柄完全架空，太子<br />李重俊实在看不过去，于是率兵攻入武三思府第，杀武三思及武崇训父子。然后进入宫<br />禁，准备再杀韦后、上官婉儿，上官婉儿临危不乱。指挥禁卫军凭险固守，再飞檄武三<br />思旧部入宫保驾、平定了太子的兵变，这件事情之后不久，韦后母女就毒杀了唐中宗，<br />以温王重茂为少帝，韦皇后母女把持朝政，伊然就是武则天与太平公主当年状况的重现。<br /><br />    太平公主一面与她们虚以委蛇，一方面以一代公主的身份牵制、滞缓她们势力的发<br />展，一方面暗中帮助她的侄儿李隆基。李隆基本就一直在姚崇、宋理等名相的扶助下，<br />羽翼半丰，现再得太平公主的支持。一场兵变，诛杀了韦后母女和上官婉儿，即位为唐<br />玄宗。<br /><br />    上官婉儿死了，她的文学成就却流传下来，她的诗文创作一洗江左萎靡之风，力革<br />南朝以来四六骈俪的章法，挣脱六朝余风，使文风为之大变。与其说开古文复兴气运的<br />是韩愈、柳宗元，无宁说是上官婉儿已经早为盛唐的文学面貌绘出了清晰的蓝图。她的<br />诗对唐诗的辉煌发展也有极大的启导作用。到了开元年间，唐玄宗追念上官婉儿的才华，<br />下令收集其诗文，辑成二十卷，张说为她写序：“敏识聆听，探微镜理，开卷海纳，宛<br />若前闻，摇笔云飞，成同宿构。古者有女史记功书过，复有女尚书决事言阀，昭容（上<br />官婉儿）两朝兼美，一日万机，顾问不遗，应接如意，虽汉称班媛，晋誉左媪，文章之<br />道不殊，辅佐之功则异。”<br /><br />    兹录一首她游骊山时写的诗以资佐征：<br /><br />    三秦季月景龙年，可乘观风出灞川；<br />    遥看电掣金马跃，国瞩霜原玉作田。<br />    隐隐骊山云外耸，迢迢御帐日边开；<br />    岁岁年年常扈驿，长长久久乐承平。<br /><br />    这诗写出她衷心的愿望，希望安享太平，岁岁年年不再有腥风血雨的杀伐场面，然<br />而她久居要津，尤其是武则天时期她帮武则天尊崇武氏，排抑皇家，李唐皇家是不会轻<br />易放过她的。<br /><br />    太平公主为诛除韦后立下大功。武则天在位期间曾立过两个儿子为帝，一位是中宗，<br />另一位就是唐睿宗李旦，李隆基就是李旦的儿子，韦后被杀后温王李重茂仍然大模大样<br />坐在龙椅上，太平公主把他赶下来，李隆基先让父亲过渡性地过一段皇帝痛。<br /><br />    睿宗对太平公主这位皇妹极为怜爱，朝廷大事都与她商量，宰相以下的任用都凭太<br />平公主一言为准，她所引荐的文武官员不计其数，附权谋进的，日夜奔走她的门庭，她<br />的府邸成了幕后皇宫。她恃宠而娇，生活奢侈，长年为她采办运送物品的专差络绎于路，<br />她府中的歌姬舞姬比皇宫的还要出色，单是她在陇右开设的牧马场，就有良马一万多匹。<br /><br />    唐睿宗共有六个儿子，李隆基只是老三，但他因诛杀韦后母女有功被立为太子。为<br />了维护既得利益，太平公主当然是希望唐睿宗的皇位维持得愈久愈好，可是李旦一向恬<br />淡自适，三天两头要把皇位传给太子，如果太子是个窝窝囊囊的人倒也罢了，偏偏李隆<br />基又英勇果敢，于是她便三番两次在睿宗面前讲李隆基的坏话，希望废掉太子，结果唐<br />睿宗却立李隆基监国，太平公主眼见进谗不成，索性破釜沉舟，代表皇帝召见群臣，示<br />意更换太子，遭到以宋璟为代表的正派大臣的抵制，弄巧不成反成拙，尽管唐睿宗念着<br />兄妹之情放过了她，李隆基却记在心里。<br /><br />    李隆基登上皇位，矛盾已经白热化，此时的唐玄宗大权在握，便以太平公主妄图鸩<br />杀皇上为由收捕太平公主的党羽，然后命令王毛仲和高力士前往拘捕太平公主，并赐死<br />在家，亲族也连坐被诛。<br /><br />    太平公主与上官婉儿都是武则天的亲信，武则天死后曾携手合作，原来居然为了一<br />个男人而分道扬镳，她和李隆基合作杀了上官婉儿，然而李隆基有感于上官婉儿的才情，<br />对她念念不忘，她却不断地和李隆基矛盾激化，最后死于李隆基手中。<br />

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Shangguan Wan&#39;er<br /><!--Image http://journeyeast.tripod.com/shang.jpg--><div class='bbimg'><img src='http://journeyeast.tripod.com/shang.jpg' border='0'></div><!--End Image--><br />During the Tang Dynasty, there were several women who attained positions of extraordinary power such as Wu Zetian (who usurped the throne and reigned from AD 684-705) and ruled over all China. There was also a female prime minister, in deed if not in name; for although Shangguan Wan&#39;er was never given the official title, she certainly held authority of that office. <br /><br />Shangguan Wan&#39;er was the granddaughter of Shangguan Yi, a famous poet of the Early Tang. Shangguan Yi was opposed to Empress Wu&#39;s political ambitions and consequently found himself accused of taking part in a conspiracy against the state for which he was put to death. Shangguan Wan&#39;er&#39;s father was executed for a similar crime but his daughter not only escaped being implicated but eventually came to hold an important position in Empress Wu&#39;s court. Shangguan Wan&#39;er was clever beyond her years, discerning and manipulative; qualities which found favour with the empress who saw in the young girl something of herself. <br />   <br />She was summoned to the court and given the title Jieyu, a title befitting a high- ranking concubine. Soon the empress made use of her not only to write imperial edicts, but also to spy on her courtiers. Shangguan Wan&#39;er devoted herself single-mindedly to Empress Wu and, as a result, became more and more powerful. When Tang Emperor Zhongzong ascended to the throne, Shangguan Wan&#39;er was awarded the title Zhaorong and was responsible for the imperial harem. Later, she became the favourite of Empress Wu&#39;s nephew, Wu Sansi. Empress Wu grew increasingly fond of Shangguan Wan&#39;er so when she came to rule in her own right as Empress Zetian, Shangguan Wan&#39;er was always by her side; dealing with matters of vital importance on the government and state. During this time, she shouldered all the responsibilities of a prime minister without the actual title. <br /><br />When Empress Wu abdicated and her son Zhongzong was restored to the throne, Shangguan Wan&#39;er no longer had the right to participate in government affairs. Dissatisfied with her predicament, she consulted Emperor Zhongzong who allowed her to retain her title as Zhaorong, and took charge of the harem of Empress Wei, aspiring to follow in the footsteps of Empress Wu, poisoned Emperor Zhongzong. Shangguan Wan&#39;er then sought Empress Wei&#39;s patronage. The new empress enjoyed power for only a short time and was put to death when Li Longji, Prince of Linzi, stormed the palace. As a member of Empress Wei&#39;s clique, Shangguan Wan&#39;er was also killed. <br /><br />Shangguan Wan&#39;er was known for her deep understanding of literature and for being both a peer and an astute critic of poetry. Whenever Emperor Zhongzong was presented with poems during banquets in praise of Confucian scholars, he would call upon her to determine which ones were superior. As a result of this, she found a place in China&#39;s literary history. However, her own poems were somewhat frivolous and flowery. <br /><br /> <br />