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标题: 男人和女人都该来好好看看 [打印本页]
作者: 怀念过去    时间: 13.5.2013 09:44
标题: 男人和女人都该来好好看看
本帖最后由 怀念过去 于 13.5.2013 10:46 编辑

Nature | Column: World View
China's citizens must act to save their environment

The country's air-pollution crisis offers a lesson in the power of civil society, says Qiang Wang.
08 May 2013
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Beijing's air pollution is sometimes so bad that citizens walk the streets wearing masks, and new arrivals immediately feel their throats rasping. With record levels of smog enveloping major Chinese cities, air pollution — especially the fine particles with diameters of less than 2.5 micrometres, known as PM2.5, which penetrate deep into the lungs — is replacing food safety and clean drinking water as a key theme for Chinese lawmakers, and the nation has finally laid out a plan to tackle air pollution. By 2015, the government aims to reduce the concentration of PM2.5 by 5%, of PM10 by 10% and of other pollutants by up to 10%, in 117 cities in 13 key regions of the country.

But such initiatives, although timely and right, will not make a fundamental difference if practical steps are not taken: China needs to set a national cap on coal use and find a way to limit emissions from cars. So far, Beijing has been the only city to put plans in place to cap coal consumption, at 15 million tonnes a year by 2015. However, even if the other 116 cities named in the government's plan restrict their use of coal, the effects on air quality will be limited — coal-intensive industries will simply move to other areas in China. China should therefore adopt a national plan to cap coal use, and this should be based on the national total energy-use plan it issued in January, which aims to keep total energy use to 4 billion tonnes of coal equivalent per year by 2015.
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Even though coal provides 70% of China's energy, a cap need not come at the expense of economic development. For years, inefficient and redundant investments in infrastructure have made China the world's biggest construction site, requiring a vast energy expenditure for steel, cement-making and machinery. In 2011, China consumed 21% of the world's energy and accounted for roughly 10% of the global gross domestic product (GDP). This suggests that China could reach the world average and almost double its GDP without using any more energy by shifting towards a service-oriented model.

Harder to rein in is China's surge in vehicle emissions. With sales that surpassed those of the United States in 2009 and of Europe in 2012, motor vehicles have emerged as the second-largest source of air pollution. As China's economy continues to grow, its car ownership is burgeoning, and top-down measures to limit driving are making little difference. Beijing, for example, requires half of registered vehicles to stay off the roads on any given workday. But the regulation, which states that licence-plate numbers ending in even number can be driven only on certain days, simply led people to buy a second car with an alternate ending number. Car ownership continued to rocket in Shanghai even after the city raised the cost of a new licence plate to roughly three times the cost of a cheap Chinese car.

Solutions must come from ordinary citizens, who can take responsibility for their environment and express it daily in choices such as riding bicycles or taking public transportation instead of driving. The voice of society is growing, and the government is starting to respond, albeit reluctantly, to the air-pollution crisis. The US Embassy in Beijing posts its air-quality readings on Twitter, and activists have been re-posting the readings on Sina Weibo (China's answer to Twitter, which is blocked in the country). The hashtag “I don't want to be a human vacuum cleaner” attracted more than 1.7 million comments. And when the real-estate titan Pan Shiyi asked his millions of Weibo followers: “Do you agree that PM2.5 should be monitored in 2011? Do you agree that the clean-air act should be stricter?”, the replies in favour far outnumbered those against.

    “The voice of society is growing, and the government is starting to respond.”

In response to this groundswell, the government announced last year that Beijing and 73 other cities would start to monitor and publish PM2.5 data in 2013, far ahead of the previously announced 2016 deadline. Meanwhile, public pressure has helped to get a revised clean air act on the way, with the China Daily newspaper noting that “more measures to clean up the air are being considered by municipal departments of Chinese cities after netizens began to point the finger at the government over heavy smog”.

In recent years, local protests have successfully blocked the construction of individual polluting projects, including plants in Xiamen and Dalian, which would have produced the industrial chemical paraxylene; a trash incinerator in Panyu; and a wastewater treatment plant in Qidong. China is witnessing the beginnings of a civil society in which the Chinese people spontaneously defend their right to a healthy environment, independent of organizers, political goals and commercial interests.

Chinese citizens who want to drink clean water can buy a water purifier; those worried about poisoned milk can buy imported milk. But when the air is polluted, there is no option but to fight. The various stakeholders of China's environment — government, non-government organizations and industry — should seize the opportunity provided by the growing popular involvement, and promote a civil society that stands up for the environment. The air of the people should be protected — by the people, for the people.

    Nature
    497,
    159
    (09 May 2013)
    doi:10.1038/497159a

作者: 怀念过去    时间: 13.5.2013 09:47
发在这里只是因为这里浏览量大，比别的版块效果好点，谢谢
作者: 零下17度的冬    时间: 13.5.2013 10:14
冰冻三尺 非一日之寒
作者: noline    时间: 13.5.2013 10:39
我倒是不介意读读，不过能有什么效果呢？
作者: 怀念过去    时间: 13.5.2013 10:52
noline 发表于 13.5.2013 11:39
我倒是不介意读读，不过能有什么效果呢？

我个人感觉，个人只能从我做起，在日常生活中注意节约和环保。
个人的力量是薄弱的，但世界是由个体组成的。我会尝试去改变我的朋友，家人的生活习惯。要让他们节约
水，电，打印的纸张等等
而人与人之间的影响是巨大的。
比如说，没来开元前，从来没有尝试过和陌生人牵手，现在连上床都不算啥。
题外话了，这里大家为了自己的健康，和国家的未来，环保吧。
作者: 怀念过去    时间: 13.5.2013 10:54
零下17度的冬 发表于 13.5.2013 11:14
冰冻三尺 非一日之寒

解冻的话，因该上冻快
BE POSITIVE
作者: MBMB    时间: 13.5.2013 11:04
提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽
作者: noline    时间: 13.5.2013 12:29
怀念过去 发表于 13.5.2013 10:52
我个人感觉，个人只能从我做起，在日常生活中注意节约和环保。
个人的力量是薄弱的，但世界是由个体组成 ...

嗯。。这个结合主题的功力我还是很欣赏的。
作者: 往事不諫    时间: 13.5.2013 13:22
怀念过去 发表于 13.5.2013 10:52
我个人感觉，个人只能从我做起，在日常生活中注意节约和环保。
个人的力量是薄弱的，但世界是由个体组成 ...

支持 和我一樣的理想主義
作者: 往事不諫    时间: 13.5.2013 13:24
怀念过去 发表于 13.5.2013 10:54
解冻的话，因该上冻快
BE POSITIVE

治理比污染難得多得多 就像一杯清水 加入一瓶墨汁 很容易全部就變成黑色 再把兩者分開 不是不可能 但難於上青天
作者: 往事不諫    时间: 13.5.2013 13:35
對於這種東西要用中立的眼光來看  北京是污染嚴重 但北京就沒有在努力嗎 我們只不過歐洲發展的晚了那麼幾十年 曾經的倫敦 不也是煙霧彌漫嗎 然後他們就把這種污染轉嫁到了亞洲 非洲 現在又說我們污染多磨嚴重  那讓我們轉嫁給誰呢 難得要停滯發展才開心嗎 一定程度上 這是西方限制中國快速發展的一個陰謀
相比歐美 中國人節約做得還不夠嗎 中國人才吃多少肉 美國人吃多少肉 光在飲食上中國人個人就要比美國人至少節省30%的能源 再加上開車的油耗呢
環保是應該的 不過不要被西方媒體綁架了
作者: 怀念过去    时间: 13.5.2013 14:13
noline 发表于 13.5.2013 13:29
嗯。。这个结合主题的功力我还是很欣赏的。

嘿嘿，这里的规矩，小民还是略懂一二。
作者: 怀念过去    时间: 13.5.2013 14:33
往事不諫 发表于 13.5.2013 14:35
對於這種東西要用中立的眼光來看  北京是污染嚴重 但北京就沒有在努力嗎 我們只不過歐洲發展的晚了那麼幾十 ...

我基本同意MM的观点，稍加修改如下，不知MM同意否?
西方国家当然不会鼓励我们继续快速发展，但他们对我们的环境污染的谴责却给我们提了个醒，如果我们继续高速的非环保的发展下去，我们是要付出高昂的代价，那就是人民的健康。我们国家的癌症发病率很高很高，而钟南山医生在最近召开的人代会上就这个问题接受了采访，听了后有点后怕。由于长期的污染，长期生活在珠三角地区的人的肺部是黑的。其他城市估计类似。
我们应该吸取伦敦的教训，开始全民环保 ---- 这个是早晚的事。
你说到转嫁污染，这个你放心，我们的国家领导人也不是善男信女，这个你问问非洲哥们就知道了，他们那里就是我们的非三角工业区。他们是即爱我们又恨我们。
美国人从来都不是环保的好榜样，当他们的航母不再威武的时侯，可能就是他们晚要付出代价的时候。
作者: 粉红色润唇膏    时间: 16.5.2013 13:32
其实任何事情都有正反两面，经济迅速增长，固然有有利的一面，但是它应该与全民素质的提高同步。就象ls说的---我们应该吸取伦敦的教训，开始全民环保---这个，我想每一个人都知道该怎么做，但是真的到自己身体力行的时候，就会有诸多借口，可能最多的原因，就是怕花钱，怕麻烦。其实垃圾分类，很早以前就在国内几个大城市开展起来了，可是却没有很大的成效。现在提倡的低炭生活，加入了时尚的元素，貌似才推广起来一点。这就是，经济发展速度与人民素质提高速度不相符的结果。用一个词来形容，就是暴发户。
可能我的形容有点过激，但当你看到国人在巴黎铁塔下把着孩子尿尿的时候，心中真是种无明火起。




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